CDFU and CDOF Explained: What Two Patented Units Can Do for Hard Industrial Wastewater

2026-10-10

Two patented units sit at the centre of the SINOKLE approach to difficult industrial wastewater: CDFU for pure physical oil removal and CDOF for ozone-driven oxidative degradation. This article unpacks the mechanisms behind each, shows how the two are cha

Inside the Dushanzi Case: How Two-Stage CDFU Cut Oil From 1013 mg/L to 17.4 mg/L

2026-10-10

A 2019 retrofit at PetroChina Dushanzi Petrochemical replaced chemical demulsification plus gravity settling with a two-stage CDFU pure physical process handling 100 m³/h of electric desalting cut water. Oil content fell from 1013 mg/L to 17.4 mg/L w

Why Electric Desalting Cut Water Costs So Much, and How a Pure Physical Route Rewrites the Economics

2026-10-10

Refinery cut water from electric desalting units is heavily emulsified and loaded with refractory pollutants, so plants usually pay twice: once for chemicals and once for hazardous sludge disposal. This article walks through the pure physical route built

Bar Screens in Sewage Treatment: Clear Spacing, Screen Slag Volume and the Design Checks That Matter

2026-10-09

Physical sewage treatment is really solid-liquid separation, and the bar screen is where it starts. This article classifies bar screens by shape, bar spacing and slag-cleaning method, then works through the design inputs a real installation turns on - cle

Anaerobic Digestion in Four Stages: Hydrolysis, Acidogenesis, Acetogenesis and Methanogenesis

2026-10-09

Anaerobic digestion turns solid organic matter into dissolved material and then into biogas, recovering energy while producing little residue. This article follows the four-stage theory from hydrolysis through acid production and acetogenesis to methanoge

Suspended Solids in Water: Particle Size, the 0.45 um Cut-Off and Why the Measurement Matters

2026-10-09

Suspended solids span roughly 0.1 um to 100 um and drive the turbidity of natural water, yet the definition of what counts as suspended rather than dissolved turns on a single filter pore size. This article covers what suspended solids are made of, how th

CDFU Versus Conventional DAF, MACT Versus Plain Carbon: A Parameter-by-Parameter Look

2026-10-09

Oily firefighting wastewater puts unusual demands on oil removal and on the adsorbent that finishes the job. This article compares the SINOKLE CDFU cyclonic dissolved air flotation unit against a conventional dissolved air flotation unit, and its MACT mod

Desalter Draw-Off Water: A CDFU-Based Physical Train That Holds Effluent Oil Below 100 mg/L

2026-10-09

Draw-off water from atmospheric-vacuum desalting units is oily, heavily emulsified and hard to pin down. This article sets out the characteristics that make it awkward, the pain points of traditional treatment, and the SINOKLE high-efficiency coalescing p

From 15 Minutes to 90 Seconds: What the CFU Compact Flotation Unit Changes in Oily Water Duty

2026-10-09

Conventional flotation gives oil droplets 10 to 15 minutes to rise, which sets a floor on tank size and cost. The CFU compact flotation unit, a patented technology of SINOKLE, uses swirl flow to cut that residence time to under 90 seconds while lifting si

Six Dimensions for Judging a Hard Industrial Wastewater Process: The CDFU + CDOF Combination

2026-10-09

Judging a hard industrial wastewater process is easier when it is broken into comparable dimensions. This article sets out the CDFU plus CDOF route SINOKLE built around separation first and oxidation second, then examines six claimed advantages one by one