Two Ozone Catalysts, Two Jobs: KHC-PC1001 Versus KHC-F2001 in Practice
Catalyst catalogues tend to present grades as a ladder, with the newest at the top. In ozone duty the truth is closer to a pair of tools: a carbon carrier and a silica-alumina carrier each solve a different problem, and the plant that picks the wrong one spends its operating budget proving it. The two grades in the SINOKLE range make the distinction easy to see.
Why one carrier cannot cover every water
Ozone catalysis works by decomposing ozone into hydroxyl radicals (OH) on a solid surface, and those radicals then oxidise refractory organics into harmless small molecules. The carrier decides how much surface is available, how well the surface holds its activity, and how the material behaves under backwashing and high salinity. No single carrier optimises all three, so a real product line needs more than one grade.
Carbon-based KHC-PC1001
The KHC-PC1001 carbon-based catalyst carries an ultra-high specific surface area of 1286 m2/g, with uniformly distributed metal oxide crystals on the surface supplying the active sites. That combination is aimed squarely at oily wastewater. In a petrochemical project in Karamay, with an ozone dosage of 100 ppm, the COD removal rate exceeded 90% and effluent oil content dropped to 2.3 ppm - a result that is hard to reach with a lower-surface carrier at the same ozone dose.
Silica-alumina KHC-F2001
The KHC-F2001 silica-alumina-based catalyst is prepared by a sol-gel route and reaches a specific surface area of 250-300 m2/g, far above similar products. Precious metal deposition technology and a multi-stage precisely temperature-controlled sintering process are what hold stability and catalytic efficiency together at that surface area. In mechanical terms the grade delivers compressive strength over 150 N per particle with an annual attrition rate below 2.5% and a service life beyond 5 years. In process terms it lifts ozone utilisation by more than 20%, holds chemical oxygen demand removal above 85%, and improves oxidation efficiency by 2-5 times against traditional processes.
High-salinity leachate: the Zhangzhou data
Where the silica-alumina grade earns its price is in salt. In a landfill leachate treatment project in Zhangzhou, with a wastewater salt content exceeding 30,000 mg/L, KHC-F2001 reduced chemical oxygen demand from 400 mg/L to below 60 mg/L within 30 minutes, and colour from 500 to below 5. The same grade handled a full-quantification process for aged leachate at a landfill in Taizhou, reaching chemical oxygen demand removal above 80% with an ozone dosage ratio of only about 1.2. Pharmaceutical duty followed: a company in Inner Mongolia used KHC-F2001 on brown pharmaceutical wastewater and produced clear, transparent effluent within a 45-minute residence time, with chemical oxygen demand below 200 mg/L and the B/C ratio up from 0.1 to 0.37.
CDOF as the reactor around the catalyst
A note on the ozone dosage ratio quoted from Taizhou: about 1.2 is a mass ratio of ozone to chemical oxygen demand removed, not to chemical oxygen demand entering, and comparing it against a ratio taken on a different basis is how two projects with identical catalysts end up arguing about performance. Agree the definition before the guarantee is written.
The catalyst only performs inside a reactor that gives it the right contact pattern. The CDOF (Cyclonic Dissolved Ozone Flotation) patented technology combines multiple ozone catalytic oxidation with cyclonic separation and dissolved air flotation, which yields a short contact time of 10-30 minutes, a treatment speed 2-4 times that of traditional ozone oxidation, and stable operation across pH 3-10. Super-hydrophilic modification of the catalyst surface forms hydrophilic functional groups through atomic deposition and promotes adsorption and diffusion of reactants, and an intelligent integrated control system supports real-time monitoring and unattended operation, which is where a large share of the operation and maintenance cost is recovered.
Choosing between the two
A selection that is made on paper deserves one check in a pilot. Take a live sample of the actual stream, dose ozone at the rate the full-scale unit will use, and compare chemical oxygen demand removal against a reference catalyst of the other grade over the same contact time. Two details decide the outcome more often than the headline figures: whether the sample is filtered before analysis, and whether the pilot has reached steady state in the off-gas. A short run on a batch sample flatters whichever catalyst adsorbs best, and adsorption capacity is not the same thing as catalytic life.
Start from the water rather than the catalogue. High oil, moderate salinity and a need for maximum surface point to KHC-PC1001. High salinity, high colour and a demand for mechanical durability point to KHC-F2001. Where both appear in one plant, splitting the duty between two beds is usually cheaper than over-specifying one. The catalysts have already been applied in petrochemical, pharmaceutical, printing and dyeing and power industry service, and the patterns that emerge from those installations are more useful than any single removal figure.